When major wildfires hit Oregon, it’s not uncommon to see headlines like: “FEMA approves federal funds to help with firefighting.” It’s an important step, and it signals that federal support is available. Still, it can give the impression that large-scale financial relief is on the way for affected communities.
In reality, the type of funding being approved is targeted, time-limited, and designed for very specific purposes. Two federal programs are most often involved: the Fire Management Assistance Grant (FMAG) and the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program Post-Fire (HMGP Post-Fire). Understanding what these programs do, and what they don’t, is essential for realistic expectations and sound community planning.
Fire Management Assistance Grant (FMAG): Emergency Cost Support
FMAG is designed to help states manage the cost of specific wildfires while they are actively burning. It must be requested by the state and approved by FEMA based on the severity and potential consequences of the fire. Approval can happen quickly, often within hours. The request typically comes through the Oregon Department of Emergency Management in coordination with FEMA Region 10.
Once a fire is declared eligible, FMAG offers a 75 percent federal cost share for certain emergency expenses. These include field camps, logistical support, equipment use and operation, mobilization and demobilization of resources, and emergency protective actions such as evacuations. FMAG is a reimbursement tool. It does not fund suppression across an entire season, nor does it pay for structural damage, community recovery, or homeowner losses. It applies only to the incident period of the declared fire and only to eligible costs incurred by state, tribal, or local government agencies.
Hazard Mitigation Grant Program Post-Fire: Risk Reduction After the Event
Once a state receives its first FMAG of the fiscal year, it becomes eligible to apply for HMGP Post-Fire funding. This program focuses on reducing future risks, not managing immediate emergencies. Eligible projects may include soil stabilization, reforestation, post-fire flood diversion systems, and other mitigation efforts aimed at long-term hazard reduction. Funding is not automatic. States, counties, and eligible local governments must submit formal project proposals. Communities should work through their local emergency managers, who coordinate with the state on eligibility, timelines, and application requirements.
In Deschutes, Crook, Jefferson, and Klamath counties, communities may also coordinate with Oregon Living With Fire (OLWF). OLWF works closely with both local partners and state agencies to support project development, strategic planning, and grant-readiness. While OLWF does not administer HMGP Post-Fire directly, it plays a supporting role in helping Central Oregon jurisdictions pursue these funds effectively. The public cannot apply directly for these grants.
Why the Distinction Matters
These programs are often mischaracterized in news coverage and public conversations. FMAG is not a recovery grant. HMGP Post-Fire does not fund response. Neither program provides direct assistance to individuals or businesses. Both programs are valuable, but only within their specific roles. FMAG helps cover certain emergency costs during a declared wildfire. HMGP Post-Fire supports hazard mitigation projects after the fire is contained. Neither replaces the need for strong local preparedness, fire-adapted communities, or long-term planning.
What You Can Do
Understanding federal fire funding is helpful, but preparing for wildfire risk is essential. Every home and neighborhood has a role in reducing vulnerability. Steps you can take today include signing up for emergency alerts, reviewing evacuation routes, having a go-kit ready, creating and maintaining defensible space, checking in with neighbors who may need help during an evacuation, and supporting local wildfire protection and fuels planning efforts.
Residents in Central Oregon can receive real-time updates by texting COFIRE to 888777 to receive alerts about prescribed fire and wildfire activity. For broader state and county emergency notifications, visit www.ORAlert.gov to register for official alerts by text, email, or phone. Federal support may help during and after a fire. The most important work still happens before it starts.
Summary
| Program | Purpose | Timing | Who It Helps | What It Covers |
| FMAG | Emergency support | During the fire | State, tribal, and local governments | Specific response costs tied to a declared fire |
| HMGP Post-Fire | Risk reduction | After the fire | State, tribal, and local governments | Projects that reduce future wildfire-related hazards |
Knowing what these grants do and what they do not can help communities make smart decisions, set realistic expectations, and protect the people and places most at risk.